本文采用的英格恩产品: 增强型ECL发光液
Three-dimensional virtual planning reduces operative time in orthognathic surgery: a procedure-specific retrospective study incorporating additive manufacturing
Affiliations
- 1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan. de16013@s.okadai.jp.
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8525, Japan.
- 3 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ako Central Hospital, Ako, Hyogo, Japan.
- 4 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai General Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
- PMID: 42215803
- PMCID: PMC13221411
- DOI: 10.1007/s10006-026-01579-9
Abstract
Purpose: Three-dimensional virtual surgical planning (3D-VSP) is increasingly used in orthognathic surgery; however, procedure-specific evidence regarding its real-world impact on operative efficiency and intraoperative blood loss remains limited. This study evaluated the association between 3D-VSP implementation and operative time, and intraoperative blood loss across different orthognathic procedures.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients who underwent orthognathic surgery at a single academic institution before (2019-2020) and after (2023-2024) the full implementation of 3D-VSP integrated with in-house additive manufacturing (n = 344). Procedure-specific multivariable linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, sex, and surgeon experience.
Results: After 3D-VSP implementation, operative time was reduced by approximately 36 min in sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), 50 min in Le Fort I (LF1) combined with SSRO, and 42 min in segmental LF1 combined with SSRO, representing a 15-20% reduction in total operative time. No meaningful reduction was observed in intraoral vertical ramus osteotomy (IVRO)-based procedures. A statistically significant, but modest, reduction in intraoperative blood loss was observed only in SSRO. The time-saving effect was independent of surgeon experience.
Conclusion: The clinical benefit of 3D-VSP in orthognathic surgery is procedure-dependent and most evident in geometrically complex SSRO-based operations. These findings support the targeted implementation of digital planning and additive manufacturing workflows to improve operative efficiency in routine practice.
Keywords: Additive manufacturing; Intraoperative blood loss; Operative time; Orthognathic surgery; Sagittal split ramus osteotomy; Surgical planning; Three-dimensional virtual surgical planning.
